Nama
: Adam Nur Mahendra
Kelas : 1EA13
Npm : 10214170
ATA 2013/2014
UNIVERSITAS GUNADARMA
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
(Kalimat Langsung dan Kalimat Tak Langsung)
UNIVERSITAS GUNADARMA
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
(Kalimat Langsung dan Kalimat Tak Langsung)
Indirect Speech is a phrase that comes from
direct sentences that told back in another form.
Direct and
Indirect Speech, who is also familiar with another term, namely Report Speech.
Direct
Speech sentence is spoken directly by the speaker and
that the sentence would be written quotes.
that the sentence would be written quotes.
Conditional be Conditional
Consider the following examples of
sentences:
Ø “I never eat durian.” She explained.
Ø She explained (that) she never eat durian
Ø “I am waiting for him now,” she said.
Ø She said (that) she was waiting for him then.
Ø “I never eat durian.” She explained.
Ø She explained (that) she never eat durian
Ø “I am waiting for him now,” she said.
Ø She said (that) she was waiting for him then.
Contoh :
-Erfin said that he was so happy
-They said that they had watched football game.
If Verbs in the main clause and the shape
is PRESENT PERFECT PRESENT or the existence of a common statement in the main
clause, then no time changes in indirect sentence.
Example:
-She asks me, “Are you sleepy?” She asks me wether I am sleepy
-He has told us, “I am hungry.” He told us that he is hungry
-She told me,“the sun rises in the east”.
She told me that the sun rises
in the east
But if Verbs in sentence form apart from
the PRESENT PERFECT PRESENT and then change the time on indirect sentence.
example:
-Simple Present menjadi Simple Past
a. He told me, “I go to work everyday.”
b. He told me that he went to work everyday.
-Present Continuous menjadi Past Continuous
a. She told me, “I am playing music now”.
b. She told me that she was playing music then.
-Present Perfect menjadi Past Perfect
a. They told me. “We have bought a car”.
b. They told me that they had bought a car.
-Simple Past menjadi Past Perfect
a. He told me, “I went to Bandung yesterday”.
b. He told me that he had gone to Bandung yesterday.
-Simple Future menjadi Future Past
a. He told me, “I will go to university next year”.
b. He told me that he would go to university the following year.
-Future Past menjadi Future Past Perfect
a. She told me, “I should go there if I were you.”
b. She told me that she would have gone there if she had been me.
Perubahan-perubahan MODAL, PREPOSITION
dan Keterangan waktu dari kalimat langsung menjadi kalimat tak langsung. :
Shall – Should See – saw Will – would
Is – was May – might Has/have – had
Can –could are – were Here – there
This – that Now – then Ago – before, Dsb
Perhatikan
tabel berikut :
Direct Speech
|
Indirect Speech
|
Simple Present
He said, “I go to Jakarta every month.”
|
Simple Past
He said (that) he went to Jakarta every month.
|
Simple Past
He said,”I went to Jakarta every month.”
|
Past Perfect
He said (that) he had gone to Jakarta every
month.
|
Present Perfect
He said, “I have gone to Jakarta every month.”
|
Past Perfect
He said (that) he had gone to Jakarta every
month.
|
Present Continuous
He said,”I am going to Jakarta every month.”
|
Past Continuous
He said (that) he was going to Jakarta every
month.
|
Past Continuous
He said, “I was going to Jakarta every month.”
|
Perfect Continuous
He said (that) he had been going to Jakarta every
month.
|
Future (will)
He said,”I will go to Jakarta every month.”
|
Would + verb
He said (that) he would go to Jakarta every
month.
|
Furure (going to)
He said, “I am going to Jakarta every month.”
|
Past Continuous
He said (that) he was going to Jakarta every
month.
|
B. Indirect Speech Dengan Perintah
Bentuk indirect atau reported speech perubahan dari
kalimat perintah biasanya menggunakan kata said, told, dan ordered dan
kemudian diikuti bentuk to infinitive.
Direct
Speech
|
Indirect
Speech
|
He said,”Go to school every day.”
He said,”Wash your face!”
The police ordered,”Walk on!”
The teacher said,”Don’t be lazy!”
|
He told me to go to school every day.
He told me to wash my face.
The police ordered me to walk on.
The teacher told me not to be lazy.
|
C. Indirect Speech Dengan Larangan
Bentuk indirect speech perubahan dari kalimat
larangan biasanya membuat mustn't tetap mustn't tetapi didahului that +
Subject dan diikuti dengan auxiliary dan verb tanpa mengubah tenses
(bentuk waktunya).
Direct
Speech
|
Indirect
Speech
|
He told me,”You mustn’t drive a car without a
driving licence.”
|
He told me that I musn’t drive a car without a
driving licence.
|
D. Indirect Speech Dengan Tanya
Bentuk Indirect Speech yang merupakan perubahan
dari kalimat tanya dapat dikelompokan menjadi dua:
a. Indirect Speech dengan Yes-No Question :
biasanya menggunakan kata "whether".
b. Indirect Speech dengan W-H Question : Biasanya
menggunakan kata tanya yang ada dalam kalimat langsungnya.
Direct Speech
|
Indirect Speech
|
He said, “Do you go to school every
day?”
|
He asked me whether I went to school
every day.
|
He said, “Where do you go to school?”
|
He asked me where I went to
school.
|
She asked, “When will they come?”
|
She asked me when they would come.
|
E. Perubahan Pada Adverbs, Articles, dan Modals
Perubahan dari bentuk langsung menjadi tidak
langsung juga mengakibatkan adanya perubahan pada adverbs, articles, dan modals
tertentu, sebagai berikut :
can ---> could
will ---> would
here ---> there
now ---> then
next week ---> the following week
shall ---> should
may ---> might
this ---> that
yesterday ---> the day before
Direct Speech
|
Indirect Speech
|
can
He said,”I can go
to school every day.”
|
could
He said (that) he
could go to school every day.
|
may
He said,”I may go
to school every day.”
|
might
He said (that) he
might go to school every day.
|
Mixed type (Jenis Gabungan)
Example :
Anton asked me, “What’s happening to you? You looks pale.”
Anton asked me what was hsppening to me as I looked so pale.
Example :
Anton asked me, “What’s happening to you? You looks pale.”
Anton asked me what was hsppening to me as I looked so pale.
Changes Adverb of Time (Time Specification) that need to be considered:
Direct Indirect
Now Then
Today That day
Tonight That night
This week That week
Yesterday The day before
The day before yesterday Two day before
Last night The night before
Last week The Previous week
Last year The Previous year
A year ago A year before/the previous year
Three year ago Three years before
Tomorrow The next day/the following day
The day after tomorrow In two days’s time
Direct Indirect
Now Then
Today That day
Tonight That night
This week That week
Yesterday The day before
The day before yesterday Two day before
Last night The night before
Last week The Previous week
Last year The Previous year
A year ago A year before/the previous year
Three year ago Three years before
Tomorrow The next day/the following day
The day after tomorrow In two days’s time
Next week
The following week
Next year The following year
On Sunday On Sunday
On the sixth On the sixth
Here There (sebagai Adverb of Place/
ket.tempat)
This Restaurant The restaurant (sebagai Adjective/
kata sifat)
These books The books (sebagai Adjective/
kata sifat)
This It (sebagai Pronoun/kata ganti)
These They/them (sebagai Pronoun/
kata ganti)
Next year The following year
On Sunday On Sunday
On the sixth On the sixth
Here There (sebagai Adverb of Place/
ket.tempat)
This Restaurant The restaurant (sebagai Adjective/
kata sifat)
These books The books (sebagai Adjective/
kata sifat)
This It (sebagai Pronoun/kata ganti)
These They/them (sebagai Pronoun/
kata ganti)
Example:
The man said, “I eat in this restaurant last night.”
The man said that he had eaten in the restaurant the night before.
The man said, “I eat in this restaurant last night.”
The man said that he had eaten in the restaurant the night before.
Reference:
